The modern Columbia River basin took shape 12,000-19,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age as massive ice dams in NW Montana repeatedly gave way and water walls rushed seaward
The PCT crosses Dry Creek 2 miles south of Bridge of the Gods and continues moderately to Pacific Crest Falls and the Herman Bridge Trail split
Vine maple is the dominant understory tree/shrub along this section of the PCT; it prefers moist, nitrogen-rich soil and is among the first trees/shrubs to reclaim disturbed spaces
Dry Creek Falls drops approximately 230' in at least 5 stages, though only the lowest tier (74') is readily visible
The Columbia River supports one of the world's largest and most complex hydropower systems, with 14 dams along the main river and over 450 dams throughout the basin
Bigleaf Maple crowns differ by growing environment; in dense forests it will develop a narrow crown supported by stem-free branches for half its length, while in the open it will develop a broad crown with a few large supporting limbs
The forest south of Bridge of the Gods is generally second growth with a few large legacy trees
The Columbia River is the fourth largest river by volume in North America, draining an area roughly the size of France
Leaves change color in the fall as chlorophyll production slows and less dominate pigments can be seen; carotenoids produce orange and yellow colors, while reds and purples come from anthocyanins, a pigment formed when sugars break down in bright sunlight
The PCT runs approximately 460 miles through Oregon, then 500 miles through Washington from Bridge of the Gods on the Columbia River (south) to Monument 78 on the Canadian border (north)
Dry Creek Falls drops into a narrow, easy to access amphitheater .2 miles off the PCT
Thimbleberries (Rubus parviflorus) are very similar to blackberries and raspberries; Rubus is actually Latin for Blackberry plants, or brambles
The PCT passes the Herman Pinnacles, odd basalt formations that can be brittle and unsafe to free-climb
Pacific Crest Falls is a hidden gem 3.9 miles from Bridge of the Gods along the PCT; it's nominally visible from the trail, but a short, rugged scramble leads to good views of this impressive fall
The PCT opens with river views just a few times on this otherwise heavily-forested section of trail
Manzanita is found only across a short narrow, exposed ridge below Teakettle Spring on this section of the PCT
Travel steepens considerably past the Herman Bridge Trail split on a 3000', 4.9 climb to Benson Plateau
Benson Plateau is distinguished by uniform tree columns, a grassy understory and nearly-flat grades
Short sections of the PCT cross open basalt-cobbled slopes dotted with bigleaf maple
Uniform tree patterns combined with flat light on Benson Plateau can be disorienting
Freeze-thaw cycles dislodge basalt rocks creating cobbled conditions near the Herman Pinnacles
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